Keadilan Sebagai Instrumen Perlawanan Terhadap Tirani: Kajian Tematik Atas Kisah Nabi Musa Dan Fir’aun Dalam Al-Qur’an

KAJIAN TEMATIK ATAS KISAH NABI MUSA DAN FIR’AUN DALAM AL-QUR’AN

Abstract

Structural injustice and the tyranny of power remain persistent multidimensional challenges in contemporary life, manifesting as political authoritarianism, economic exploitation, and cultural hegemony. This article aims to explore the concept of justice as an instrument of resistance against tyranny as represented in the Qur'anic narrative of Moses and Pharaoh. Employing a library research method with a thematic exegesis (maudhū'ī) approach, this study analyzes verses on the story of Moses and Pharaoh through three authoritative exegetical works Tafsīr al-Qur'ān al-'Aẓīm (Ibn Kathir), Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur'ān (Sayyid Qutb), and Tafsīr al-Munīr (Wahbah Az-Zuhaili) supported by relevant hadith. The findings reveal that justice in this narrative is represented through four complementary dimensions, (1) justice as a mission of liberation (tahrir) from structural enslavement, (2) resistance as an epistemological challenge to Pharaoh's claim of singular authority, (3) justice as rejection of discriminatory legal dualism, and (4) the triumph of justice as sunnatullah, the inevitable divine law that follows tyranny. These four dimensions form a Qur'anic-philosophical framework affirming that justice is not an abstract concept but a concrete praxis demanding solidarity with the oppressed, equality before the law, and accountability of power. These findings are further enriched with classical Islamic political theory Ibn Khaldun's cycle of power and the concept of power as trust (amānah) and Ibn Taymiyyah to structurally explain why tyranny is inherently transient and why power demands accountability. This study contributes conceptually to thematic exegesis while offering an ethical foundation for the Muslim response to modern tyranny.