Konsep Ahliyyah Dalam Hadis Iżā Wussida Al-Amru Ilā Gairi Ahlihi: Analisis Ma‘Ānī Al-Ḥadīṡ Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence is no longer confined to technical tasks; it is increasingly involved in high-stakes affairs such as leadership, fatwa, and adjudication. Existing studies generally conclude that artificial intelligence lacks ahliyyah and may therefore serve only as a tool, without explaining the eligibility required of the humans who rely on it or capturing its hidden shift from tool to authority. This study aims to formulate a concept of ahliyyah from the hadith Iżā wussida al-amru ilā gairi ahlihi and to contextualize it for the use of artificial intelligence in the amr of qiyādah, iftā’, and qaḍā’. This library research employs the taḥlīlī method of hadith study with a ma‘ānī al-ḥadīṡ approach, comprising criticism of the chain and text, linguistic and rhetorical (balāgah) analysis, examination of the commentaries, and contextualization of the concept of ahliyyat al-adā’. The findings show that the hadith is authentic (ṣaḥīḥ) and that the word wussida, derived from wisādah (cushion), depicts the amr as something leaned upon, so that in the context of artificial intelligence the demand for ahliyyah falls upon the human who leans on it. The study formulates the concept of ahliyyat al-isti‘ānah, the eligibility to seek the assistance of artificial intelligence, resting on competence independence, verification capacity, and ownership of ideas and responsibility. The concept distinguishes three positions of artificial intelligence, namely as wasīlah, as a formal muwassad ilaih, and as a de facto support, and shows that the last is the most subtle form of the death of expertise warned of in the hadith.