ANALISIS HISTORIS TERHADAP HADIS “SHALATLAH DENGAN SANDAL KALIAN”: STUDI KONTEKS SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN MADINAH ABAD KE-7

Abstract

This study discusses the hadith on praying while wearing sandals, focusing on the analysis of the sanad, matn, historical context, and contemporary relevance. The main issue arises from the difference in quality between the two chains of narration containing the wording ‘ṣallū fī ni‘ālikum, khālifū al-Yahūd,’ which is often misunderstood as an obligatory command. The aim is to explain the level of authenticity of the hadith through a critical study of the sanad and to provide a comprehensive understanding of the sharia intent behind the recommendation. The method used is qualitative analysis based on takhrij hadith, sanad criticism, matan criticism, and historical-sociological studies of Arab society in the 7th century. Research results: the first narration from al-Ṭabarānī has a degree of ḥasan li-ghayrih because the weakness of its narrator is minor and it is supported by other similar channels, while the second narration is considered dha‘īf because its narrator is problematic and there is doubt (iḍṭirāb) regarding the sanad. The analysis of the matn shows that the command to wear sandals is not a specific sharia law, but rather a form of flexibility in worship and an affirmation of Muslim identity in relation to Jewish religious practices at that time. The essence of the hadith is tolerance of forms of worship as long as the footwear is clean, rejecting the assumption that removing sandals is a ritual obligation.