ANALISIS HADIS TERPILIH TENTANG LARANGAN MENGUNGKIT-NGUNGKIT PEMBERIAN MENURUT MUSNAD AHMAD DAN MUWATTHO’ IMAM MALIK

Abstrak

This study examines the prohibition of al-mann (reminding others of one’s charity) in Islamic tradition by analyzing its ethical and legal implications through a comparative hadith approach. Employing qualitative library research and textual analysis, this study compares two authoritative sources: Musnad Ahmad by Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Al-Muwatta’ by Malik ibn Anas. The primary data consist of a marfu‘ hadith from Musnad Ahmad (No. 6587) and a mauquf report from Al-Muwatta’ (No. 1244, attributed to ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab). The findings indicate that Musnad Ahmad emphasizes the ethical dimension of giving by categorizing al-mann as a major sin (kabīrah) that nullifies the spiritual value of charity and threatens the perpetrator with exclusion from Paradise, thereby highlighting sincerity (ikhlāṣ) as a fundamental moral requirement. In contrast, Al-Muwatta’ articulates a legal framework governing the permissibility of revoking a gift (rujū‘ al-hibah) based on the donor’s intention, particularly distinguishing between charitable giving and gifts conditioned upon reciprocal benefit. This study argues that these two perspectives are complementary rather than contradictory, demonstrating that Islamic law integrates formal legal validity with moral integrity. Ultimately, the research contributes to contemporary hadith and Islamic legal studies by showing that sincerity functions as a prerequisite for the acceptance of religious deeds, while juridical clarity regulates social transactions to prevent harm and injustice.